Understanding heterogeneous mechanisms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction through cardiorenal mathematical modeling
Fig 9
The deleterious consequences of arterial stiffening and/or hypertension in a stiffened myocardium.
A) LV stiffness shifts the diastolic pressure curve upward; decreased arterial compliance shifts the end systolic pressure upward, thus increasing end systolic elastance (Ees); hypertension increases both end systolic and peak systolic pressure; Reduced arterial compliance alone increases arterial pulse pressure (B), but has minimal effect on stressed blood volume (C), MAP (D), mean capillary pressure (E), or mean venous pressure (F). However, it has a strong exacerbating effect on stressed blood volume and capillary and venous pressures when combined with a stiff myocardium. Hypertension has a similar exacerbating effect.