Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms
Fig 7
Causal powers analysis of the same system with one of its units set to active, inactive, or inactivated.
In all panels, the same causal model and weights are shown on the left, but in different states. For all networks k = 4. The set of distinctions D s), their causes and effects, and their φd values are shown in the middle. The Φ-structure specified by the network’s complex is illustrated on the right (again with only second- and third-degree relation faces depicted). All integrated information values are in ibits. (A) The system in state ABcdE is a complex with 23 out of 31 distinctions and Φ = 22.26. (B) The same system in state ABcde, where unit E is inactive (“OFF”) also forms a complex with the same number of distinctions, but a somewhat lower Φ value due to a lower number of relations between distinctions. In addition, the system’s Φ-structure differs from that in (A), as the system now specifies a different set of compositional causes and effects. (C) If instead of being inactive, unit E is inactivated (fixed into the “OFF” state), the inactivated unit cannot contribute to the complex or Φ-structure anymore. The complex is now constituted of four units (ABcd), with only 14 distinctions and markedly reduced structure integrated information (Φ = 3.35).