iCVS—Inferring Cardio-Vascular hidden States from physiological signals available at the bedside
Fig 3
Simulations of the iCVS model for different shock conditions.
Each column presents a simulation of one artificial patient with a given shock state: A-H—hypovolemic shock state, I-P—distributive shock state and Q-X—combined hypovolemic and distributive shock state. The hidden parameters are fixed, and the observables are simulated accordingly (see Methods). Two of the hidden parameters are presented for each patient: A, I, Q Time dependent intra vascular volume change (Iex). In A, Q liquid withdrawal occurs over a period of 15 minutes. B, J, R Time course of MSVR. In J, R a reduction in MSVR occurs over a period of 15 minutes. C-H, K-P, S-X—the resulting observables: C, K, S Arterial pressure (Pa), D, L, T Venous pressure (Pv), E, M, U Peripheral resistance multiplied by arterial compliance (RC), F, N, V Heart rate (Hr), G, O, W Pulse pressure (Pp). H, P, X The time dependent magnitude of the baro-reflex (Sb).