A quantitative model for human neurovascular coupling with translated mechanisms from animals
Fig 4
The model explanation for two-peak behavior in Drew data: mechanistic insights to be preserved and translated (Section 2.1.2) [46].
Model simulations for the three stimulus durations: 125 ms (A & E), 10 s (B & F), and 30 s (C & G) are shown. For each stimulus: the dynamic of the neuronal states, pyramidal neurons (NPyr), GABAergic nitric oxide interneurons (NNO), GABAergic neuropeptide Y interneurons (NNPY), (A–C), and the arteriolar response (E–G). For each graph: model simulation (colored lines); stimulus length (black bar). The x-axis represents time in seconds, and the y-axis is the change in neuronal states (A.U) for A–C, and the vasoactive effect on the arteriolar compartment (A.U) for E–G. In D, a simplified overview of the model is given. Here, u1, u2, and u3 are the stimulus input to the model and are applied for 125 ms, 10 s, and 30 s for each respective experimental setting. The relative timing and function of the three arms (PGE2, SMC, NOSMC, and NPYSMC) depicted in this figure is the first mechanistic insight to be translated to the analysis of the other datasets from the other species (Figs 1E and 5–7). Note that the vasoactive effect presented in E-G is expressed from the relative change from the baseline, see Eq 8, and therefore negative values should be interpreted as lower concentration compared to a non-stimulated state.