Simulations of tumor growth and response to immunotherapy by coupling a spatial agent-based model with a whole-patient quantitative systems pharmacology model
Fig 6
Temporal evolution of cells in the tumor microenvironment under different tumor growth conditions without and with immunotherapy.
Panel A: variation in time of number of cancer cells, T cells in central and tumor compartments, and CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio. Panel B: variation in time of cancer cell and CD8+ T cell subtypes. Thick and thin red lines represent cases (a) and (a*) without and with immunotherapy, respectively (R ~ 1, 10% of the grid occupied by voxels with cell recruitment sources, and dmax = 9); thick and thin blue lines represent cases (b) and (b*) without and with immunotherapy, respectively (R < 1, 10% of the grid occupied by voxels with cell recruitment sources, and dmax = 9); thick and thin green lines represent cases (c) and (c*) without and with immunotherapy, respectively (R ~ 1, 10% grid occupied by voxels with cell recruitment sources, and dmax = 4); thick and thin purple lines represent cases (d) and (d*) without and with immunotherapy, respectively (R < 1, 30% of the grid occupied by voxels with cell recruitment sources, and dmax = 9).