Mechanics of lung cancer: A finite element model shows strain amplification during early tumorigenesis
Fig 4
Early lung tumors harbor strain amplification at the tumor edge.
Colormaps of strain after 20% stretch within the tumor in tissue with A. 2 kPa tumor and B. 20 kPa tumor. Colormaps display strain only on the tumor surface. C. Element strain ratio as a function of distance from the tumor center of mass, 2 kPa tumor at 20% applied stretch. Elements with strain ratio > 1 (grey line) were considered amplified. D. Distribution of the strain ratio in amplified elements (n) as a function of applied stretch, 2 kPa tumor. n = 155 at 5% stretch, 91 at 20% stretch, and 99 at 50% stretch, out of 11,829 elements. E. Percent of elements with a strain ratio >1, dependent on the tumor modulus value (E).