Criticality enhances the multilevel reliability of stimulus responses in cortical neural networks
Fig 3
Event-related potential (ERP), gamma frequency modulation, and criticality preservation induced by stimuli with different strengths.
Stimulus starts at t = 0 and ends at t = 600 ms. The blue, green, and red colors in (A–E) represent post-stimulus strengths r1 = 0.1, 0.35, and 0.6/ms, respectively. (A) Raster plots of 500 neurons in a trial. (B) Distributions of avalanche size S, avalanche duration T, and average size 〈S〉 for duration T in the post-stimulus period. The top horizontal purple lines indicate the ranges of estimated power-law distributions for the case of r1 = 0.35/ms. For comparison, we also show the avalanche distributions in the pre-stimulus period (cyan curves) and transient period within 100 ms after the stimulus onset (black curves) for the case of r1 = 0.1/ms. These properties are similar to those for other stimulus strengths r1. (C) ERPs under different input strengths. (D) Transient network firing rates. (E) Power spectrum density (PSD) of post-stimulus local field potential (LFP), measured 100–600 ms after stimulus onset. The inset shows the peak frequencies for different input strengths (dashed-dotted, solid, and dotted lines represent the subcritical, critical, and supercritical cases, with , respectively). (F–H) Time evolution of the powers of different LFP oscillation frequencies for different input strengths. Dots at t = −200 ms indicate the post-stimulus peak frequency. The background input is r0 = 0.3/ms. The synaptic parameter is
for (A, B) and
for (C–H).