Simulated poaching affects global connectivity and efficiency in social networks of African savanna elephants—An exemplar of how human disturbance impacts group-living species
Fig 4
Graphs representing results (mean plus 95% confidence interval) of 100 deletions per each combination of deletion proportion (i.e., 0–20%) and type (i.e., random vs. targeted) in the empirically based network.
The deletions were either targeted according to age category (black series) or betweenness centrality (blue series); or were random (grey and teal series represent random deletions without considering individual traits conducted as control conditions to age- or betweenness centrality-targeted experiments, respectively). The network indices evaluated included clustering coefficient as well as weighted modularity, diameter and global efficiency. For a cross-species context, the minima of y-axis ranges per clustering coefficient as well as weighted modularity and global efficiency are plotted to express the minima from a similar, theoretical treatment in an egalitarian primate society [46]. The weighted diameter index depends on group size, thus the pertinent y-axis is not expressed in a cross-species context. For results of Hedge’s g test expressing the difference in the effect size between the means of each network index between targeted versus random deletions along the deletion proportion axis and per deletion type, refer to S2 Table.