Viral surface geometry shapes influenza and coronavirus spike evolution through antibody pressure
Fig 2
Antibody pressure guided the mutability of the hemagglutinin.
(A) Panel i. HA protein. Each circle corresponds to a surface residue (epitope) and was colored differently for illustration. Panel ii. Surface residues (epitopes) were clustered (see Materials and Methods). Each epitope cluster is was colored differently for illustration. (B) The correlation coefficient between epitope cluster entropy (Eq (2)) and the epitope cluster on-rate (Eq (3)), as a function of cluster number, computed for HA in the virus presentation depicted in Fig 1B (blue), and at the trimer presentation depicted in Fig 1A (red). (C) Scatter plot of the epitope clusters entropy computed for the seasonal influenza H1N1 vs. the epitope clusters on-rate (the number of clusters is 60). The correlation coefficient between them is 0.82. Marked are clusters containing residues belonging to the five known antigenic sites of flu (Cb—green, Sa—yellow, Sb—blue, Ca1—cyan, Ca2—red). Also marked is the group 1 conserved broadly neutralizing antibodies epitope (purple). (D) Schematic of the relationship between entropy and computed Ab on-rate for circulating viruses evolving under Ab pressure.