From decision to action: Detailed modelling of frog tadpoles reveals neuronal mechanisms of decision-making and reproduces unpredictable swimming movements in response to sensory signals
Fig 2
Overview of CNS model responses to a sequence of sensory signals.
a. The “Voltage” panels show membrane potentials of selected active neurons on the left and right sides respectively. The two central panels show spike times (coloured dots, zoomed views in b-d) of all active neurons, the vertical coordinate is the rostro-caudal (RC) position of the spiking neuron. All current pulse sensory stimuli are applied to the left side of the body as indicated by black arrows at the top. 1) Head skin touch initiates swimming from rest (stimulus of 0.3 nA for 5ms excites 13 tSts at time zero); 2) Head skin pressure stops swimming (stimulus 0.3nA for 30ms excites 10 tSps at time 1.3s; 3) Trunk skin touch initiates swimming (stimulus of 0.3nA, for 5ms excites 2 RBs at time 2s); 4) Trunk skin touch during swimming leads to acceleration (stimulus of 0.3nA, for 5ms excites 2 RBs at time 4s); 5) Swimming slows and stops spontaneously. b-d. Zoomed in view of spike times for neurons on the left side responding to each type of skin stimulation. Inserts show small diagrams of each sensory pathway (see Fig 1c).