Quantitative modeling identifies critical cell mechanics driving bile duct lumen formation
Fig 2
(A) Cell surface element (triangle) with nodal force. (B) Horizontal cut section through the DCM model plane, indicating cytoplasm and cortex of the cells. C-E are cross sections through individual cells. C) 2D sketch defining the polarity vector (PCP) formed by the two cones with opening angle α. Note that the zone of polarity is assumed to be symmetric. (D) Definition of the Apical-Basal vector (ABP). (E) Tracer Particles (TP) moving across the apical surface of the cell. (F) Tight junctions between two cells in contact represented by red colored triangles. (G) Overview of the different stages for the DCM cell division algorithm, extended from [37] 1: A cell with arbitrary shape. 2: just before cell division, the cell rounds up. A division plane is chosen. 3: Two new smaller spherical cells are created on both sides of the plane inside the mother envelope. Both daughter cells first grow artificially fast (“sub-simulation”) within the boundaries of the mother envelope, to reach their target initial volume. 4: Shortly after, the mother envelope is removed. The cells adapt to their new environment. 5: Two new growing and adhering cells have been created (nuclei are shown).