Frank-Starling mechanism, fluid responsiveness, and length-dependent activation: Unravelling the multiscale behaviors with an in silico analysis
Fig 2
6-chamber lumped-parameter model of the cardiovascular system.
Ventricular contraction is described at the cellular scale. The left and right ventricles are assimilated to spheres, and the force and length of a half-sarcomere are connected to the pressure and volume within the ventricular chambers.