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Machine learning approach for automatic recognition of tomato-pollinating bees based on their buzzing-sounds

Fig 3

Overview of the steps for audio feature extraction by Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients Method (MFCC)

Pre-emphasis, framing, windowing, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), and filter bank (applying Discrete Cosine Transform—DCT).

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009426.g003