Hemodynamics-driven mathematical model of first and second heart sound generation
Fig 2
Heart sounds and their relationship with cardiovascular hemodynamics under resting conditions in simulation and recording on myocardium.
Dashed lines indicate beginning/ending of LV isovolumic contraction/relaxation phase. In experiment, volumetric data was used to estimate start of isovolumic phases. Since the sensor was remotely placed from the heart which caused a delay in the Ao pressure, the Ao-LV pressure cross-over could not be used as an indicator of aortic valve closure. Ao: Aorta, LA: Left atrium, LV: Left ventricle, Pu: Pulmonary artery, Ra: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, S1: first component of heart sound, S2: second component of heart sound, HS: heart sound, M1: mitral component of first heart sound, T1: tricuspid component of first heart sound, A2: aortic component of second heart sound, P2: pulmonary component of second heart sound.