Models of heterogeneous dopamine signaling in an insect learning and memory center
Fig 2
Schematic of meta-learning procedure.
(A) Two phases of meta-learning and testing. Left: During the optimization phase, connections that form the mushroom body output circuitry are updated with gradient descent (orange). Kenyon cell to output neuron weights evolve “online” (within each trial) according to dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity. Right: After optimization is complete, the network is tested on a new set of trials. In this phase, connections that form the output circuitry are fixed. (B) Illustration of trials involving CS/US associations presented during training (left) and testing (right). Each trial involves new CS/US identities and timing.