Rate-dependent effects of lidocaine on cardiac dynamics: Development and analysis of a low-dimensional drug-channel interaction model
Fig 5
Mechanism of lidocaine rate-dependent effects.
(A) Simulated action potentials of our modified ten Tusscher et al. model paced at a BCL of 750 ms with 20 μM lidocaine (blue) and a square wave approximation of the action potential (orange) that alternates between -85 mV and 20 mV. (B) Dynamics of the fraction of channels bound to drug, b, with 20 μM lidocaine present in our modified ten Tusscher et al. model (blue) and low-dimensional Na+ conductance model stimulated by the square wave approximation (orange). (C) Voltage dependence of 1−h∞ (dashed green) and b∞ for 20 μM (yellow) and 5 μM (purple) lidocaine. (D) Voltage dependence of τb for 20 μM (yellow) and 5 μM (purple) lidocaine.