Rate-dependent effects of lidocaine on cardiac dynamics: Development and analysis of a low-dimensional drug-channel interaction model
Fig 4
Rate-Dependent Effects of Lidocaine.
Normalized peak upstroke velocity (A), conduction velocity (B), and fraction of channels not bound to drug during the upstroke (C) plotted against BCL for the ten Tusscher et al. human ventricular myocyte model [22,23] with the Moreno et al. model (blue curves) or low-dimensional model (orange curves) of the Na+ conductance. Peak upstroke and conduction velocities for 5 μM (solid curves) and 20 μM (dashed curves) concentrations of lidocaine are normalized by peak upstroke and conduction velocities at the same BCL in the corresponding drug-free model. In C, predictions from an analytically derived expression for fraction of channels bound to drug during the upstroke (b*) in our low-dimensional model are also plotted (yellow curves; see Eq (5)) and were shifted up slightly to make them visible as they overlap the output of the ten Tusscher et al. model with our low-dimensional Na+ conductance model.