Rate-dependent effects of lidocaine on cardiac dynamics: Development and analysis of a low-dimensional drug-channel interaction model
Fig 2
The low-dimensional Na+ conductance model is fit to experimental data from steady state availability (A; sum squared errors (SSE) of 0.038 and 0.035 for the Moreno et al. and low-dimensional models, respectively), steady state activation (B; SSE of 0.042 and 7.0×10−4 for the Moreno et al. and low-dimensional models, respectively), time to half inactivation (C; SSE of 197 and 17 for the Moreno et al. and low-dimensional models, respectively), and time constant of activation (D; SSE of 1.4×10−3 for the low-dimensional model) voltage-clamp experiments [17–19]. In all subfigures, filled circles indicate experimental data points, blue curves represent output from the Moreno et al. model [4], orange curves represent output from the low-dimensional Na+ conductance model. t1/2 at -80 mV in the Moreno et al. model is not indicated in the figure as it is substantially larger (48.8 ms) than the other t1/2 values. For the low-dimensional model in (D), , n is total number of data points, {yi} are the model output, and {xi} are the experimental data values.