Three-dimensional topology optimization model to simulate the external shapes of bone
Fig 4
Optimization for bending loads to autocentrum.
The arrangement and color scheme of the images are the same as those described in Fig 3. The boundary condition is the same in the three different bending load cases. We imposed the symmetric boundary condition u ⋅ n = 0 on the xy and yz planes (left image in the second row from the top) and used a quarter model. The middle and right images in the second row from the top are the areas to which the symmetric boundary condition was imposed on the yz and xy plane, respectively. The magnified image of the center on the yz plane is shown. We imposed the displacement constraint uy = 0 to the point (0, CR, 0) (red dot) when the bending loads were applied to half of the concave surface of the hourglass-shaped domain in y ≤ 0 (the blue-colored area). When we applied the bending loads to half of the area in y ≥ 0, we imposed the same displacement constraint to the point (0, −CR, 0). In optimization for the diagonal bending loads, the results are displayed for w = 0.8.