Computational modelling of muscle fibre operating ranges in the hindlimb of a small ground bird (Eudromia elegans), with implications for modelling locomotion in extinct species
Fig 7
Comparison of exemplar outputs for excitation and fibre length change in the running simulation against previous experimental data (electromyography and sonomicrometry), for validation of the modelling and simulation approach.
For each muscle, experimental data are shown in blue, and simulation outputs are shown in red; in some studies sonomicrometry data were reported in absolute terms, whereas in others it was reported in relative terms. See Table 2 for muscle abbreviations. Fibre length data do not exist for the AMB or ILFB. Experimental results were digitized from the original studies and scaled according to swing and stance phase durations. Sources of experimental data are as follows: ILPOp, guineafowl running at 2.5 m/s [9]; FCLP and FCLA, guineafowl running at 1.5 m/s [38]; GL, guineafowl running at 1.3 m/s [36]; GM, guineafowl running at 2 m/s [141]; FP4, guineafowl running at 1.3 m/s [36]; AMB and ILFB, guineafowl running at 1 m/s [27].