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Analysis of spiking synchrony in visual cortex reveals distinct types of top-down modulation signals for spatial and object-based attention

Fig 3

Responses of BOS neurons.

A: Raster plots showing 100 spike trains of BOS model neurons. For these plots, G-cells were activated for representing the Unbound-ignored condition between 0 and 1000 ms, the Bound-ignored condition for 1000 and 2000 ms, and the Bound-attended condition for 2000 and 3000 ms. Feedback from G-cells modulates the firing rates of BOS neurons. Identities of BOS neurons are shown next to each plot. B: Firing rates of preferred neurons ( and ). C: Firing rates of non-preferred neurons ( and ). The gray, black, and red bars represent the Unbound-ignored, Bound-ignored, and Bound-attended conditions, respectively, during trials that mimic the experimental settings of the Martin and von der Heydt study (ref. [39], their Fig 4B). These firing rates were obtained from 10 sets of 100 simulated trials, each of a length of 200 biological seconds. Error bars indicate standard deviations (SDs), which were very small in these simulations. Confidence intervals of preferred neurons were 9.42 ± 0.01 (SD = 0.02), 18.15 ± 0.01 (SD = 0.02), and 26.54 ± 0.01 (SD = 0.02) Hz for the Unbound-ignored, Bound-ignored, and Bound-attended conditions, respectively. Confidence intervals of non-preferred neurons were 18.15 ± 0.01 (SD = 0.02), 9.41 ± 0.01 (SD = 0.01), and 10.38 ± 0.01 (SD = 0.01) Hz for the Unbound-ignored, Bound-ignored, and Bound-attended conditions, respectively. Asterisks indicate significant differences between conditions (** p < 0.01 by t-test).

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008829.g003