A kinetic model of the central carbon metabolism for acrylic acid production in Escherichia coli
Fig 1
Biosynthetic pathways for acrylic acid (AA) production from Glucose using 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) as an intermediary.
3-HP can be produced from glucose through three distinct pathways: glycerol (red arrows), malonyl-CoA (green arrows), and β-alanine (blue arrows). Furthermore, E. coli can also direct glycerol towards the central carbon metabolism, allowing it to be used as a carbon source.