The DIOS framework for optimizing infectious disease surveillance: Numerical methods for simulation and multi-objective optimization of surveillance network architectures
Fig 5
Metaheuristic optimization with simulated annealing (spatial prediction, ρ = 0.3).
(A) Mean squared error of predicted log prevalence (OFV1) across iterations of three SA runs. (B) The locations of the optimal 3 sites. Black triangles represent existing sites, blue triangles represent the optimal additional sites, and gray dots represent unchosen alternative sites. Background color in Panel B represents log prevalence when ρ = 0.3 using the same color scheme as in Fig 2C, while contour lines represent levels of risk factor X.