The DIOS framework for optimizing infectious disease surveillance: Numerical methods for simulation and multi-objective optimization of surveillance network architectures
Fig 3
Optimal site placement to augment a surveillance network for spatial prediction or effect estimation under scenarios of spatially patchy or smooth disease distributions.
Black triangles represent initially enrolled sites, gray circles represent unselected candidate sites, and the cyan circle indicates the optimal site to add to the network. White crosses represent point sources for risk factor X. Raster colors represent objective function values for hypothetical sites added across a regular 41*41 grid in order to visualize the response surface in relation to initial network locations and the underlying risk factor. Colors represent the mean squared error of spatial predictions at unmonitored sites in A and B, and the variance of effect estimation for risk factor X in C and D.