Reconciling emergences: An information-theoretic approach to identify causal emergence in multivariate data
Fig 6
Causal emergence in motor behaviour of an awake macaque monkey.
a) Position of electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes used in the recording (in blue) overlaid on an image of the macaque’s left hemisphere (front of the brain towards the top of the page). b) Sample time series from the 64-channel ECoG recordings used, which correspond to the system of interest . c) 3D position of the macaques’s wrist, as measured by motion capture (
) and as predicted by the regression model (
), taken as a supervenient feature
. d) Our emergence criterion yields
, detecting causal emergence of the behaviour with respect to the ECoG sources. Original data and image from Ref. [34] and the Neurotycho database.