Implications of localized charge for human influenza A H1N1 hemagglutinin evolution: Insights from deep mutational scans
Fig 4
Characteristics of conservation and distance to RBS in each HA subunit.
(A) Conservation scores (labelled rate of evolution) per HA subunit, overlaid on the functional selection-expected charge plot. These scores were obtained from the Rate4Site algorithm [27] using H1N1 sequences obtained from the IRD fludb database [28] (see Materials and methods). As in Fig 3A, note that higher scores indicate higher rate of evolution. (B) Distances to the RBS per HA subunit, overlaid on the functional selection-expected charge plot. These distances were calculated using RBS annotations according to Gamblin and colleagues [24] using PyMOL [23] (see Materials and methods). (C) and (D) are as in (A) and (B), respectively, but for the HA2 subunit. (E) Empirical cumulative distribution of evolutionary rates of each branch separated by domain. (F) Empirical cumulative distribution of distance to RBS, separated by both branch and domain.