In silico investigation of the mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation due to impaired Pitx2
Fig 4
Simulated electrical (Vm) and calcium (Cai) waves in a 1D RA-LA strand.
a, Simulated Vm and Cai waves in the drug-free settings (a) and in the presence of 2 μM flecainide (b). Comparison of CV(c) and WL (d) of LA (black) versus RA (grey) strands in the drug-free settings. In the presence of 2 μM flecainide, CV (e) and WL (f) are compared between RA and LA strands. The 1D strand contains 75 RA (#1-#75) cells and 75 LA (#76-#150) cells. Electrical waves were elicited by an extra stimulus at the RA end and propagated from RA to LA. Blue arrows indicate spontaneous delayed afterdepolarizations, triggered action potentials and calcium transients. Abbreviations: 1D –one-dimensional; RA–right atrium; LA–left atrium; CV–conduction velocity; WL–Wavelength.