In silico investigation of the mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation due to impaired Pitx2
Fig 2
Simulated action potentials (AP, Vm) and calcium transients (Cai) of left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) cells under controls and Pitx2-induced remodelling conditions.
At a pacing frequency of 1Hz, AP and Cai (a), RMP (b), overshoot (c), dVdtmax (d) and APD (e) under control, Pitx2-1, Pitx2-2, Pitx2-3 and Pitx2-4 conditions. Black and grey markers were used for LA and RA cells, respectively. Similar key indicators (f-j) at a pacing frequency of 2Hz were displayed. Blue arrows indicated delayed afterdepolarizations, triggered action potentials and spontaneous calcium transients. Abbreviations: RMP–resting membrane potential; dVdtmax−maximum upstroke velocity; APD–action potential duration.