Anticipatory coadaptation of ankle stiffness and sensorimotor gain for standing balance
Fig 2
Stability limits of the proportional and derivative gains.
A. for stiffness increasing from 0 (black) to critical stiffness (turquoise) with a delay of 0.14 s; B. for a delay increasing from 0.14 s (black) to 0.28 s (yellow) without stiffness; C. for combined increases in delay and stiffness (maintaining a constant S), from a delay of 0.14 s with a stiffness of 0 (black) to a delay of 0.28 s with a stiffness of 0.75 Kcrit (yellow). The critical feedback gains for each condition are indicated as dots. In the three panels, the black curves are identical and correspond to zero stiffness and a delay of 0.14 s.