Loop analysis of blood pressure/volume homeostasis
Fig 1
Diagram depicting antagonistic regulatory effects on vasoconstriction and blood pressure due to loop interrelationships among AVP, ANP, and RAAS neuroendocrine systems.
Labels for functional agents are the following. ACO: adrenal cortex; ACR: aortic arc and carotid sinus stretch receptors; ASR: atrial stretch receptors; DTC: renal distal tubule and collecting duct; HMY: heart myocytes; JGC: juxtaglomerular cells; NTS: nucleus tractus solitarii; SFO: subfornical organ; SPN: supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; VSM: vascular smooth muscle. Labels for effect mediators are the following. AVP: arginine vasopressin; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide; ANGII: angiotensin II; CNS: central nervous system. Lines with arrow ending indicate activation; lines with butt ending indicate inhibition.