Arrhythmia mechanisms and spontaneous calcium release: Bi-directional coupling between re-entrant and focal excitation
Fig 13
Comparison of focal excitations following re-entry vs regular pacing.
Ai–Focal excitation time, t(focal), at different SR-Ca2+ thresholds for release under re-entry (purple, circle markers) and matched regular pacing (blue, triangular markers) conditions. t(focal) is calculated relative to the latest activation time of the final paced or re-entrant excitation. (ii)–Temporal snapshots of spatial SR-Ca2+ concentration in the 2D sheets, comparing the heterogeneity at equivalent time points. Bi–Categorisation of the outcomes of focal excitation under the two conditions into either non-focal (blue), symmetric focal (orange) or asymmetric focal (red). (ii)–Examples of symmetrical vs asymmetrical conduction patterns emerging following each type of excitation. The times labelled in Bii are relative to the onset of focal excitation.