A computational framework for the morpho-elastic development of molluskan shells by surface and volume growth
Fig 12
Influence of reference curvature singularities, and of smooth curvatures.
Mild reference curvature singularities leave virtually no visible trace on mantle deformation following volume growth. However, strong reference curvature singularities promote compatible crests, and remain visible as mild singularities in the deformed mantle lip. Smoothly varying reference curvature also replicates the trend of favoring compatible crests. Dirichlet boundary conditions, u = 0, are applied on the trailing surface (boundary) and traction-free Neumann conditions, PN = 0, are applied on the remaining surfaces (boundaries).