A computational framework for the morpho-elastic development of molluskan shells by surface and volume growth
Fig 11
Progression of curvature-compatible ornamentation with volume growth strain increments, δg.
The deformed mantles show marginally preferred localization around points of high curvature and thereafter the amplitude increases with volume growth strain increments. Some of these shapes with different amplitudes can be observed in the shells of the species Bolinus brandaris (bottom row of inset images). Dirichlet boundary conditions, u = 0, are applied on the trailing surface (boundary) and traction-free Neumann conditions, PN = 0, are applied on the remaining surfaces (boundaries).