A computational framework for the morpho-elastic development of molluskan shells by surface and volume growth
Fig 10
The influence of the geometry of reference curves on antimarginal ornamentation.
For fixed active mantle width, the amplitudes of crests in the deformed configurations are magnified if they are compatible, and attenuated if they are incompatible, respectively, with the reference generating curve. These reference curves bear similarity to the shape of the mantle surface (highlighted in red) found in (a) Pterynotus phyllopterus, (b) Nucella freycineti, (c) Normal Bolinus brandaris and (d) Abnormal Bolinus brandaris (insets). Dirichlet boundary conditions, u = 0, are applied on the trailing surface (boundary) and the lateral surfaces (boundaries) of the mantle, which are perpendicular to s2, and traction-free Neumann conditions, PN = 0, are applied on the front surface (boundary). The underlying spatial discretization (mesh) is also shown on the model geometries. Also see S2–S5 Movies for the evolution of mantle deformation and accretive growth over planar, arc, and closed circular geometries of the reference curves.