A computational framework for the morpho-elastic development of molluskan shells by surface and volume growth
Fig 7
Effect of incremental active mantle widths on mantle deformation for fixed δg and κ.
Increasing the active mantle width δ s = |v1 s1 − vc|Δt over Γ0 leads to morphologies bearing a similarity with the ornamentations on Clinocardium nuttallii (upper inset) and Tridacna squamosa (lower inset). Dirichlet boundary conditions, u = 0, are applied on the trailing surface (boundary) and traction-free Neumann conditions, PN = 0, are applied on the remaining surfaces (boundaries). See Fig 4 for location of the trailing surface, front surface and the lateral surfaces. Also see S3 Movie for a morphology that is similar to the case δs = δs*, and bears comparison to the ornamentation on members of the class Bivalvia.