Predicting gait adaptations due to ankle plantarflexor muscle weakness and contracture using physics-based musculoskeletal simulations
Fig 4
Kinematics and kinetics of simulated walking over a range of speeds.
Seven prescribed speeds between 0.50 m/s (blue) and 2.00 m/s (red) at intervals of 0.25 m/s were analyzed. Joint angles (left column) and joint moments (middle column) are plotted for the hip (top row), knee (middle row), and ankle (bottom row). Positive joint angles indicate flexion, and positive joint moments indicate extension. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) (right column) are shown for both horizontal (top row) and vertical (middle row) directions. With exceptions at the knee joint, we observed trends that occur in the experimental data of Schwartz et al. [58], including greater joint angle ranges, joint moments, and ground reaction forces at higher speeds.