Review: Precision medicine and driver mutations: Computational methods, functional assays and conformational principles for interpreting cancer drivers
Fig 6
Kinase domain structures of protein kinases.
(A) Crystal structure of kinase domain of cAMP-dependent PKA Cα in the active state (PDB code: 4DH3). PKA is a member of the AGC kinase family. The kinase domain conformation is highly conserved among other protein kinases. Examples are shown for crystal structures of Akt1 (PDB code: 6CCY) and CAMKK2 (PDB code: 5UYJ). Akt is known as PKB and belongs to the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase family. CAMKK2 is a member of CaM kinase family. (B) Crystal structures of kinase domain of proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src in the active (PDB code: 1YI6) and inactive (PDB code: 2SRC) states. Src is a member of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase family. While C-spine is preserved, R-spine is significantly distorted in the inactive Src kinase domain due to outer movement of the αC-helix. AGC, kinase group AGC; C-spine, catalytic spine; CaM, Calmodulin; CAMKK2, Calcium/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2; cAMP, cyclic AMP; PDB, protein data bank; PKA Cα, protein kinase catalytic subunit α; PKB, protein kinase B; R-spine, regulatory spine.