Gaussian curvature and the budding kinetics of enveloped viruses
Fig 6
Example of the dependence of the free energy minimum on the growth parameter ρ for the case of a solid shell.
The parameters were the same as for Fig 5 while the cohesion energy parameter σ was set to zero. The dot indicates the point where the neck diameter has shrunk to zero. Note that there is an activation barrier for low values of the growth parameter but not at the point of pinch-off.