Multi-scale computational study of the Warburg effect, reverse Warburg effect and glutamine addiction in solid tumors
Fig 4
Axial agent-based model of growth of Warburg tumor cells in a perivascular tissue.
(A) Snapshots of predicted cellular structure and concentration fields of metabolites at different times. Tumor cells with one, three, and five of layers of healthy stromal cells separating them from the source of nutrients (top, representing interface with blood). Color bars present concentrations of oxygen and glucose in g/L. (B) Growth trajectories of tumor cells from simulations in three cases in (A). For each case, the trajectories for 11 independent simulations are shown. Initial positions of cells were randomly generated within the corresponding stromal or tumor compartment (see Methods). Empty circle: one layer of stromal cells; time = 0 day. Filled circle: one layer of stromal cells, t = 25 days. Empty diamond: three layers of stromal cells; t = 25 days. Filled diamond: three layers of stromal cells; t = 50 days. Empty square: five layers of stromal cells; time = 50 days. Filled square: five layer of stromal cells; t = 200 days.