Evolutionary footprint of epistasis
Fig 5
Epistasis causes strong linkage disequilibrium: Analytics and simulation.
(a, b, c) Correlation coefficients D11, D10 and mutation frequency f are shown as a function of E. D11, D10, are calculated from Eq 6 using simulated values of fij and f averaged over sites and pairs. Color lines correspond to the average over 300 runs, and the shaded areas show the standard deviation among runs, for epistatic pairs (blue) and the same number of random pairs (red). Dotted black line is the analytic prediction. Parameters: N = 500, s0 = 0.05, L = 300, μL = 0.5, t = 800, f0 ≅ 0.1. Initial population is randomized with f = 0.5. Thus, simulation agrees well with analytic predictions.