Norepinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis in astrocytes to fuel neurons with lactate
Fig 4
Production of metabolites by cAMP-dependent, NE-stimulated glycogen mobilization.
A1) Percent increase of sequence of metabolites triggered by cAMP including: glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate (PYR) and lactate (LAC). Inset: zoom that better shows relative rises of smaller responses from phoshoenolpyruvate to lactate. A2) same metabolites as in A1 but normalized to emphasize longer response development and duration of lactate (LAC). A3) same metabolites as in A1, shown as concentrations. B) Production of ergogenic byproducts ATP and NADH in response to cAMP. B1) Percent increase showing relative magnitude. B2) Normalized traces showing relative time of activation. NE duration indicated by gray shaded areas. B3) same metabolites as in B1, shown as concentrations.