Multiscale modeling of layer formation in epidermis
Fig 9
Long-range signaling or morphogen regulation enhances the stratification between spinous and granular cells.
(A) A schematic diagram shows the calcium regulation on Ovol. (B) Time course images of layer formation. Black dashed lines represent the basement membrane. (C) Sharpness Index for Signal Model. Bar length represents the value of sharpness index at height in the unit of cell numbers. Red, green and blue stack bars represent the portion of basal stem, spinous and granular cells at height in the unit of cell numbers. (D) Isolation Ratio. Mean and standard deviation in 3D model is over an ensemble of 20 simulations. All the parameters used in the simulations are in Table A in S2 Text.