Active Vertex Model for cell-resolution description of epithelial tissue mechanics
Fig 6
Representative snapshots of states seen with fixed and flexible boundaries in the AVM.
Contact lines between cells are outlined in white, and cells are coloured according to their area. The line connecting tissue boundary points is blue for flexible boundaries (panels a, d, e, f and g), and red for fixed ones (panels b and c). In panels e, f and g, cell centres are denoted by white spheres, and in panels e and f, the Delaunay triangulation is also shown as grey lines. (a) Shrinking cells at p0 = 2.48, Γ = 1.0, and fa = 0.1, no boundary line tension. (b) Same as (a), but for a fixed boundary. (c) Solid-like (glassy) state at p0 = 3.39, Γ = 1.0,
and fa = 0.03. (d) Liquid-like state with a fluctuating boundary at p0 = 3.39, Γ = 1.0,
and fa = 0.3, no boundary line tension (e) Fingering instability at p0 = 3.72, Γ = 0.1,
and fa = 0.3, boundary line tension λ = 0.1. (f) Fluid state at p0 = 3.95, Γ = 0.1,
and fa = 0.1, boundary line tension λ = 0.3. (g) Rosette formation at p0 = 4.85, Γ = 0.1,
and fa = 0.03, boundary line tension λ = 0.3.