Dysfunctions of the basal ganglia-cerebellar-thalamo-cortical system produce motor tics in Tourette syndrome
Fig 2
Architecture of the system-level model.
The light gray boxes indicate the four components of the model: the basal ganglia component (BG), the cerebellum component (Cer), the thalamus component (Th) and the primary motor cortex component (M1). Each small dark gray circle within the components represents a leaky integrator unit whose activation potential represents the firing rate of a neural population. The three circles in each box represent three BG channels interacting with three different units of Th and M1. Both Cer and M1 project to the lateral and medial descending systems for motor execution, and vestibular nuclei for balance and eye control. Abbreviations: StrD1: D1 Receptor (D1R)-expressing striatal populations; StrD2: D2 Receptor (D2R)-expressing striatal populations, STN: subthalamic nucleus; GPe: external globus pallidus; GPi: internal globus pallidus; SNr: substantia nigra pars reticulata; MF: mossy fibers; GC: granule cells; GO: Golgi cell; PC: Purkinje cells; DN: dentate nuclei; ThBC: thalamic regions where both basal ganglia and cerebellum project; ThC: thalamic regions where only the cerebellum projects; DA: dopamine efflux regulated by a leaky unit and affecting both StrD1 and StrD2.