Do Vascular Networks Branch Optimally or Randomly across Spatial Scales?
Fig 5
Histogram of optimal branching angles for combined data of human and mouse networks for material-cost (MC) optimizations.
All histograms appear to have unimodal characteristics both for θ0 and for θ1 & θ2 with respective peaks at (a) 1.79 and 2.25 for the surface-area constraint and (b) 1.79 and 2.24 for the volume constraint.