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Do Vascular Networks Branch Optimally or Randomly across Spatial Scales?

Fig 4

Histograms or frequency distributions of optimal asymmetry ratios for length (λl) and branching angle (λθ) derived from material-cost (MC) optimizations.

Surface-area (MC-SA) results are shown as solid lines and volume (MC-V) results are shown as dashed lines for (a) mouse lung and (b) human head and torso.

Fig 4

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005223.g004