Do Vascular Networks Branch Optimally or Randomly across Spatial Scales?
Fig 3
Histograms or frequency distributions of the asymmetry ratios for radius (λr), length (λl), and branching angles (λθ) of vascular networks.
(a) mouse lung (1 individual) and (b) human head and torso (18 individuals). Note that radius and branching angle asymmetry ratios are both skewed towards perfect symmetry, whereas the length asymmetry ratio shows no skew and reveals much more asymmetry. (c) Histograms of branching angles for combined data of human and mouse networks appear to be unimodal both for θ0 and for θ1 & θ2 with peaks at 1.51 and 2.21 radians, respectively.