MD/DPD Multiscale Framework for Predicting Morphology and Stresses of Red Blood Cells in Health and Disease
Fig 4
Shape deformation and corresponding stress field of H-RBCs, T-RBCs and S-RBCs.
(A) The axial (DA) and transverse (DT) diameters of H-RBC, T-RBC, and S-RBC at stretching force Fs = 110 pN. For comparison, the stretching responses in experiments from Ref. [2] and one-component whole-cell model from Ref. [24] are shown. (B) Functional dependence of EI values of T-RBCs and S-RBCs on knob density at stretching force Fs = 110 pN. (C) Corresponding stress contours of stretched H-RBC, T-RBC (ρknob,DPD≈ 7 knobs/μm2), and S-RBC (ρknob,DPD≈ 12 knobs/μm2).