Adaptive Remodeling of Achilles Tendon: A Multi-scale Computational Model
Fig 6
a) ankle torque over a gait cycle, b) ankle angle over a gait cycle, c) force-extension response of tendon from our discrete tendon model, d) required muscle force to produce the ankle torques in part (a), e) muscle length-force relation, f) muscle force-velocity relation, g) metabolic cost rate as a combination of generated muscle heat and mechanical work, h) ankle torque adjustment according to the ratio of the current total metabolic cost to the minimum total metabolic cost for a range of mean tendon lengths and fiber length standard deviations (SDs). Total metabolic cost results in part (h) are plotted for mean tendon lengths between 250mm to 275mm and fiber length SD = 1.5 mm.