Symbiotic Cell Differentiation and Cooperative Growth in Multicellular Aggregates
Fig 4
The behavior of the r1cell and r2cell models with network 1.
(A) A phase diagram (D = 1). The blue area designates phase (I) in which cells cannot exhibit differentiation, and reach a single fixed point in both the r1cell and r2cell models. In phases (II) and (III), cells always differentiate. In phase (II), shown in cream color, cells exhibit pitch-fork bifurcation from a homogeneous state. In phase (III), “oscillation-death” occurs in the dynamics of the chemical compositions of the two cells. In phase (IV), depicted by orange, if the initial difference between the compositions of the two cells is large enough, “oscillation-death” occurs; otherwise, the r2cell model exhibits non-differentiated, synchronized oscillation. (B) The time series of concentrations of X1 in phase (II) for (C, V, D) = (0.27, 0.1, 1). (C) The time series in phase (III) for (C, V, D) = (0.1, 0.8, 0.1). For both (B) and (C), the time series for the r1cell (r2cell) model is displayed on the upper (lower) column.